From
choosing microphones to distributing your polished songs, learn how to
setup a DIY recording studio on your computer and start getting your
music out there.
Want to be a rock star?
If the answer is
yes, you’re
in luck: There have never been more or more affordable tools available
to help you pursue your dream. With today’s hardware and software, it’s
possible to set up not just a high-quality recording studio, but a
fully-fledged record label — all from the comfort of your own home!
Below, learn how to set up your own record label — from recording, to producing, to distribution and promotion.
Recording hardware: Turning ideas into sounds
No
matter what kind of music you want to produce, it is likely that you
will need a microphone to record some of it. Luckily, you will find
plenty of affordable options for entry-level recording.
Built-in microphone -
If you’re just getting started, or perhaps recording demos (rough songs
that will later be re-recorded), then don’t overthink it! Your
computer’s built-in microphone may be a surprisingly effective
audio-capture tool, and can add a unique character to your sounds.
Cinema Minimal’s excellent Week Ends is a terrific example of the quality of music that can be created even when working under this constraint.
USB microphone -
Those desiring higher-fidelity audio may want to purchase a USB
microphone for better-quality recordings. Not all USB microphones are
created equally, however, so make sure you’re using one that was
designed with music recording in mind.
The $149
Blue Microphones Yeti is one popular choice. The Yeti is a
large-diaphragm condenser microphone, a type of mic well-suited to a variety of different recording applications. It’s also a
multi-pattern microphone. A mic’s
pattern is
the way that it accepts or rejects sounds from different directions. As
versatile as a large-diaphragm condenser already is, a
multi-pattern condenser is even more so, because user-selectable
pick-up-patterns make them suitable for more applications.
The
Yeti also packs a headphone jack, mute switch, and volume dial, all
built in to the unit. These features and Blue’s excellent reputation
make the Yeti a great first microphone. If you’re even more flush,
consider the
Blue Microphones Yeti Pro, which, in addition to the Yeti’s features, offers higher-fidelity audio encoding and an analog XLR output.
USB mixer - You could consider a small desktop mixer like the
Mackie Onyx Blackjack if you are feeling more daring. Mixers that pack USB-outputs serve as
analog-to-digital interfaces, meaning
you can use any traditional, analog-connecting microphone in your
recordings. This greatly expands your microphone options, though at the
cost of a more complicated recording chain.
Of course, you will have to purchase a microphone in addition to the USB mixer. A large-diaphragm condenser, like
Rode’s NT1-A or the
Audio Technica’s AT 2020, would be a good choice to begin your microphone collection.
Mixing software: Making sounds into music
You
will need software to take the digital signals from your microphone or
USB device and record them to your hard drive. Later, you will likely
use that same application to combine multiple audio signals into songs.
Choose this application well, because it is a window you will spend a
lot of time with.
Audacity - If you want to spend your entire recording budget on hardware, you can — because the excellent, open-source
Audacity can take care of all of your software needs.
Audacity is a
Digital Audio Workstation (DAW).
DAWs allow you to record, edit, modify, and combine audio files. In the
computer recording environment, the DAW controls the way signal is
captured from recording device to hard disk. It also maintains the
arrangement of various audio files within each song, as shown in the
image below.

Further, the DAW performs various useful post-production operations. Audacity, for example, facilitates
amplifying,
equalizing,
compressing,
leveling,
normalizing, and a variety of other functions. The
effects and
plugins found
in different DAWs will be similar to each other, as they all attempt to
recreate pieces of analog hardware that previously performed the work
of each. They can, however, differ greatly in quality and in price.
Though
Spartan compared to other options, Audacity is highly functional, and,
as freeware, its price can’t be beat. It’s a great option for those on a
budget or only wanting to experiment with recording.
GarageBand ’11 - At just
$14.99 in the App Store,
the OS-X-only GarageBand delivers massive functionality and a beautiful
interface at a very affordable price point. Though, essentially, it
does the same things as Audacity, it does so with Apple’s traditional
polish. It also gives the user a lot more options when doing so, packing
a ton of useful effect pre-sets and audio samples to punch up your
recordings. Further, GarageBand offers templates for some of its most
often-used projects (“Podcast,” for example), making it even easier to
get going with the program.
OS X users with a bit of spare money
should strongly consider GarageBand as their first DAW, if only because
it is so easy to set up and use.
Other options - Though there is no direct corollary to GarageBand for Windows, though many speak highly of
Reaper, which can be purchased for as little as $60. Other affordable options include
Fruity Loops Express ($49),
Acoustica Mixcraft ($75),
Sony Sound Forge Audio Studio ($70),
Steinberg Sequel 3 ($80),
Cakewalk SONAR X1 Essential ($99), and
Ableton Live Intro
($99). Some of these applications may be more suitable for some kinds
of music than for others, so consider what you want to produce and do a
bit of research before your purchase.
Publishing platforms: Turning music into products
Though
MySpace is unfortunately (or, fortunately) a thing of the past, there
have never been more ways for musicians, even those just starting out,
to make their songs available to a wide audience.
Bandcamp -
Bandcamp makes it stunningly easy to distribute digital music online.
Feed it audio files, connect a PayPal account, and you can be up and
running in moments. There is no set-up fee for Bandcamp. Instead, the
service takes a 15% revenue share. After Paypal’s 2.9 percent take, plus
a 30-cent transaction fee, your revenue share takes a considerable hit.
However, many artists opt for Bandcamp after balking at the set-up fees
charged by companies such as
Catapult.
In
addition to being great for music distribution, Bandcamp is incredibly
important as a way to appreciate music. As MySpace has declined,
Bandcamp has neatly stepped in as the service most-often-used by
independent artists to distribute their work. That hip new local band
you’ve been hearing about? Chances are they’re on Bandcamp. Now, go buy
something from them! They could probably use your support.
Kunaki -
Though it’s never been easier to distribute one’s music online, it can
still be difficult for artists to produce materials and media to sell at
their live shows. Many CD companies enforce a minimum production run of
100 units or more with a minimum cost often greater than $400 — a stark
contrast to the $0 it costs to set up a Bandcamp account.
Don’t worry — a company called
Kunaki has
solved most of the problems associated with CD production. Where
production at larger manufacturing companies (like Portland’s excellent
Cravedog)
is managed by humans, Kunaki’s system is complete automated. This leads
to much easier setup and far lower prices for the end user.

Kunaki
provides a Windows application to configure your product for delivery
to its production facility. Following a series of simple steps, your CD
is uploaded to Kunaki’s servers, after which it can be ordered in
quantities as small as one-at-a-time for around $1.75-each (plus
shipping). Outside of burning them yourself, there may be no easier or
more affordable way to produce CDs.
Licensing -
Many artists miss an income and promotional opportunity by failing to
make their music available for licensing. “People are starting to
realize that licensing is the best way for the little guy to make money,
and music supervisors for TV shows see that they can get decent music
for much cheaper than they’d have to pay Lady Gaga,” said Alex
Arrowsmith, who licenses his own catalog through
Pump Audio (now the Getty Images stock music library).
Pump
Audio allows anyone to upload tracks to its online catalog. Though the
service only pays our twice-yearly, those payments can be substantial.
Arrowsmith, whose work is most-often used in TV productions, derives
more of his music income from licensing than from any other source, and
has received checks totaling several thousand dollars on payout day.
Marketing media: Turning products into profit (though likely not)
You’ll
need to connect with an audience to achieve your dreams of music
stardom. Though they require some effort, there are tools available to
everyone that can give you a massive head start when establishing your
fan-base.
Social media - Social media is largely
about self-promotion — just embrace it! Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, and
other services are an excellent, free way to engage with your audience
over time. For best results, it’s important to post a variety of
engaging content — both band-related and more personal. By doing so, you
will increase your social media audience over time, allowing you to
contact an ever-larger network with news about your events and releases.
AdWords and Facebook Ads -
Self-serve online advertising provides a more-efficient marketing
channel for musicians than has been available before. Savvy artists can,
with a little work, target advertising to a very narrow audience, and
follow-up with analytics to determine how those ads have performed. This
data may also indicate how different pieces of content perform,
offering an interesting new input in the band’s decision-making process.
Kickstarter -
Kickstarter isn’t only a great fundraising tool, it’s a phenomenal
marketing opportunity. Coordinating the campaign is a lot of work, but
the best projects will engage their audience to share news of the
project widely online. Even
smaller kickstarters can garner hundreds of social media shares, each of which is an opportunity to connect with new fans.
Remember, it’s all on a spectrum
The
products and services outlined in this column can provide a good start
for your music efforts, but it’s only a start. Though you can create
competent recordings with a $149 USB microphone, you can achieve much
better results with better, more costly gear. Similarly, professional
artists may use Pro Tools to record their music, produce costly vinyl
records to distribute it, and pay any number of expensive firms to
market and license their work.
No matter what, though, their careers began with that first step. So could yours. Get to it!